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Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Etwas schleichend. Ermüdet. (Somewhat lingering, worn out). Key: D minor/major with contrasting sections in B-flat major Time Signature: 3/2 (occasionally altering with 2/2 and 4/2) Form: Strophic with elements of sonata form Herbstnebel wallen bläulich überm See; vom Reif bezogen stehen alle Gräser; man meint, ein Künstler habe Staub von […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Allegro Pesante (Ganze Takte, nicht schell) (alla breve, not fast) Principal Key: A minor Time Signature: 3/4 Form: Modified Sonata form Schon winkt der Wein im golden Pokale, doch trinkt noch nicht, erst sing ich euch ein Lied! Das Lied vom Kummer soll auflachend in die Selle euch klingen. Wenn der […]

Listening Guide The Work Dates of composition: 1907-1909; published posthumously by Universal Editions, Vienna in 1912 Place of composition: Toblach (in the Tyrolian Mountains, then part of Austria, now known as Dobbiaco) Premiere: Munich, 20 November 1911, under the direction of Bruno Walter Orchestration: piccolo, 3 flutes (third doubling with piccolo), 3 oboes (third doubling with English […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Beginning with Poco adagio and making numerous tempo changes some of which will be mentioned below. Key: E-flat minor (Introduction) with several intermittent key changes and ending in E-flat major. Time Signature: 4/4 with occasional meter shifts. Form: Introduction and combination of sonata elements (Exposition and Development) with variations and strophic forms that […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Allegro impetuoso; etwas gemässigter, immer sehr fliessend (somewhat more moderate, always very fleeting); etwas gehalten (somewhat held back) Key: E-flat major (second theme in D-flat major; third theme in D minor, with excursions into E major and minor, D-flat and A-flat major, etc.) Time signature: 4/4 (with intervening duple and triple meters in […]

Listening Guide The Work Date of composition: summer, 1906; orchestrated in 1907; published by Universal Editions, February 1911. Place of composition: Maiernigg Premiere: Munich, 12 September 1910, Mahler conducting. Orchestration: Piccolo (or double as 5th flute), 4 flutes, 4 oboes, English horn; clarinet in E-flat, 3 clarinets in B-flat, bass clarinet in B-flat, 4 bassoons, contrabassoon, 8 horns, 4 […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Allegro ordinario ; Maestoso; Sempre l’istesso tempo; Gemessen! Nicht Schnell! (Measured! Not fast!); Grazioso; Immer noch Tempo II (still in Tempo II), etc. Key: C major (opening briefly in E minor); second subject in A-flat major with occasional ventures into A, G-flat, B-flat and B major and a brief incursion […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Andante Amoroso; Mit Aufschwung (With verve); Graziosissimo; Sehr Fliessend (very fleeting),etc. Key: F Major (with a middle section in A-flat major and B-flat Major with modulations) Time Signature: 2/4 Form: ABACA-DE-ABACA

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Schattenhaft. Fliessend, aber nicht schnell, an der Anfangstahten noch etwas zogernd. (Shadowy. Fleeting, but not too fast, the beginning still somewhat hesitant.); etwas flotter (somewhat brisker); klagend (lamenting); Pesante Key: D minor with Trio in D major. Time Signature: 3/4 Form: Scherzo and Trio (with Introduction, Coda and sonata-like development […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Allegro Moderato; Tempo subito, molto moderato (Andante); Sempre l’istesso tempo; Gehalten; Poco meno mosso Key: C minor/major (first Trio in A-flat major; second Trio in F minor) Time Signature: 4/4 Form: ABACABA (with Introduction and Coda)

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Langsam (Adagio); Allegro risoluto, ma non troppo Key: Beginning in B minor and modulating progressively to E minor and concluding in E major. Time Signature: 4/4 Form: Sonata form

Listening Guide The Work Occasionally, the subtitle The Song of the Night has been appended to the Seventh Symphony, presumably relating to the two movements (the second and fourth) that Mahler entitled Nachtmusik. However, Mahler did not append a subtitle to the symphony. Regarding the symphony’s principal key, some have referred to it as B […]

Listening Guide The Works Henry Kimball Hadley (1871-1937) – The Ocean, Op. 99 National Symphony Orchestra Of Ukraine John Mclaughlin Williams, Conductor (Naxos 8.559064) Buy this CD on Amazon.com Philippe Gaubert (1879-1941) – Les Chants De La Mer Orchestre Philharmonique Du Luxembourg Marc Soustrot, Conductor (Timpani 1c1135) Buy this MP3 album on Amazon.com Frederick Delius […]

Listening Guide The Works Ralph Vaughan Williams – A Sea Symphony Hugo Alfvén (1872-1960) – Symphony No. 4 In C Minor, Op. 39 (“From The Seaward Skerries”) Elisabeth Söderström, soprano Gösta Winbergh, tenor Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra Stig Westerberg, conductor (Bluebell ABCD 001) Buy this CD on Amazon.com Gustaf Nordqvist – Til Havs (To The Sea) […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Allegro Moderato (Sostenuto); allegro energico Principal key: A minor with various subsidiary keys (C minor, D major and minor, F-sharp and B-flat major, A major, F minor, E-flat major and G major and minor) Time Signature: alla breve opening leads to the principal 4/4 meter Form: Extended sonata form with rondo […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Andante Moderato Key: E-flat major (second theme in G minor, then in E minor and A minor) with the Development in E minor and 2 episodes, the first in E minor then E major, the second in C major. Time Signature: 4/4 Form: Rondo form. (ABA’B’A’Coda)

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Wuchtig (weighty or powerful) (3/8 ausschlagen ohne zu schleppen) (3/8 meter not too dragging). Key: A minor (First trio in F major and Second trio in D major) Time Signature: 3/8 (numerous meter shifts throughout the trios) Form: Scherzo with two Trios (ABA’B’AACoda)

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Allegro energico, ma non troppo. Heftig, aber markig (Vigorous, but emphatic). Key: A minor (second theme in F major; recapitulation in A major with the second theme in D major) Time Signature: 4/4 Form: Modified Sonata form

Listening Guide The Work Date(s) of composition: 1903-4; published by C. F. Kahnt Nachfolger, Leipzig (1906) in three editions (a full orchestral score, study score and a four-hand piano transcription by Alexander von Zemlinsky) were published, the second of which reversed the order of the middle movements from Scherzo-Andante to Andante-Scherzo and contained substantial revisions […]

Listening Guide The Work Tempo: Allegro. Allegro giocoso. Principal Key: D major. Time Signature: 2/2 Form: Although Mahler used the term Arondo in the title of this movement, its structure is hardly that of a traditional rondo. Some commentators consider the movement to be in sonata-form, but there are several reasons to doubt the efficacy […]